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India Public Domain 2014: 22 Indian authors whose works entered public domain in 2014

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Copyright Leaf logo courtesy http://laurelrusswurm.wordpress.com/

Continuing our tradition from previous years (2012 & 2013), we have compiled a list of Indian authors whose work has entered public domain at the beginning of this year. The criteria for a particular work to enter public domain this year is for the author to have died in calendar year 1953 and the work to have been published before his death. If the work was published after the author’s death, it will only come out of copyright after 60 years from date of publication.

We collected the data from variety of sources including Wikipedia, books brought out by Sahitya Academy on history of Indian literature and other online sources. While the sources for individual photos and pieces of information have not been attributed, we would like to acknowledge all these sources here. Many of the sources are linked below.

There are bound to be mistakes in this data. So please point out anything you notice. If you know of more Indian authors who died in 1953 and hence have entered public domain this year, do let us know and we will add it to the list with your reference.

Why should you as a writer or someone who loves books care? An author entering public domain means that most of his works are now free to be republished, translated, converted to different format and to be introduced to a new audience in any way you can imagine. It is possible to digitize them and conserve them forever. So dig into the list and find out some gems. And when you find one, let the whole world know.

Akhoy Kumar Mozumdar (1864-1953)

AKM_1934An Indian lecturer and writer of the New Thought Movement in the United States during the first half of 20th-century.

Many of his works are available online.

Akali Kaur Singh (1890-1953)

akali kaur singhA Sikh scholar and religious preacher. “Besides the Guru Shabad Ratan Prakash (1923), Akali Kaur Singh published in 1929 an index of Bhai Gurdas’s works. Among his other publications were Kavi Sainapati’s Sri Gur Sobha (1925) and a standard breviary or missal of daily Sikh prayers, Gutkta Pramanik Nitnem (1927)., His Buddhibaridh Hitopadesh Ratnakar was a Gurmukhi transcript of Panchtantra, a Sanskrit classic. His original works include Sukh Sagar arthat Ghar da Vaid, a treatise on Ayurvedic system of medicine and Istri Sankat Mochan, a forceful plea for the social uplift of women (1925).” Source

Abdullah Yusuf Ali (1872-1953)

Yusuf_aliAn Indian Islamic scholar who translated the Qur’an into English. His translation of the Qur’an is one of the most widely known and used in the English-speaking world.

Translation & Commentary of Holy Qur’an

Balijepalli Lakshmikantham (1881-1953)

BLKaviA famous Telugu dramatist, actor and freedom fighter. Famous work is Harischandra (Satya Hariscandriyamu, 1924).

Girindrasekhar Bose (1887-1953)

girindrasekharAn early 20th-century psychoanalyst, the first president (1922–1953) of the Indian Psychoanalytic Society. Some of his works are on Google Books.

Ghulam Ali Rahim Bakhsh Masroor (1892-1953)

faqir_ghulam_ali_masroor__babaPopularly known as Faqir Ghulam Ali Masroor, he was a famous Sindhi poet. Heer Ranjha contains his poems in masnavi form.

Hakim Syed Karam Husain (1870-1953)

Hakim_Syed_Karam_HusainA prominent Unani practitioner from Tijara, Alwar and an Urdu poet. His pen name was Natiq. He wrote many books on Unani medicine.

Halasangi Chennamallappa (1903-1953)

madhura chennaAlso known as Madhura Chenna. A major Kannada poet of navodaya school. Collection of poems: Nanna Nalla, 1933 . Some of his books were also made available in Braille by Kannada Book Authority.

K. N. Kesari (1875-1953)

kn_kesariStarted Grahalakshami, a monthly magazine for women. He wrote his memoirs in Telugu titled Chinnanati Mutchatlu.

Lakshmikant Mohapatra (1888-1953)

An oriya writer known for his lyrical poems and balles-letters. Jivana Sangita is a collection of meta physical poems and Kanamamun is a novel. He wrote the famous hymn to Orissa, ‘Bande Utkal Janani’. He also wrote satirical parodies of poems.

M R Srinivasamurthy (1892-1953)

m-r-sreenivasaramurthiKannada scholar, novelist and playwright. Rangannana Kanasina Dinagalu 1949

Pharamaji Khabarada (-1953)

Parsi poet. Wrote in narrative poetry and sonnets in Gujarati.

Ram Narayan Mishra (-1953)

Hindi Poet. founder member of Nagari Pracharini Sabha. Works include Bhartiya Shishtachaar, Humaare Pramukh Sahityakaar.

Safia Akhtar (-1953)

Wife of Jan Nisar Akhtar and sister of Majaz. Her letters were published in 2 volumes in 1955, 2 years after her death. English translation of her last few letters.

Shahadat Hussain(1893-1953)

A Bengali poet and writer.

Suravaram Pratapa Reddy (1896-1953)

Suravaram_Pratap_ReddyA social historian from the Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh. He wrote a social history of the Telugu people, Andhrula Saanghika Charitra, which was first published in 1949 and has since gone through many editions. It was the first Telugu language book that to win the best national book award (Kendra Sahitya Academy Puraskaram).

Syed Sulaiman Nadvi (1884-1953)

Iqbal_in_AfghanistanAn eminent Indian historian, biographer, littérateur and scholar of Islam. Some of his works are available online.

Tiruvengimalai Sesha Sundara Rajan (1880-1953)

tssRajanAn Indian doctor, politician and freedom-fighter. His autobiography is available online.

Thakurjoo Sapru (1878-1953)

A Kashmiri shivabhakt poet of Nirgunavad School.

Umesh Chandra Chaudhury (1898-1953)

Assamese poet. Pratidhvani, 1939 is collection of poems.

V. Kalyanasundaram (1883-1953)

KalyanasundaramA Tamil scholar, essayist and activist. He is esteemed for the strong humanism of his essays, the analytical depth of his commentaries on classical Tamil literature and philosophy, and the clear, fluid style of his prose.

V. R. Ramachandra Dikshitar (1896-1953)

91px-Vishnampet_R._Ramachandra_DikshitarA historian, Indologist and Dravidologist from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He wrote many standard textbooks. Scanned copy of War in Ancient India is available online. Other books are also available.

Special Mention Entry from “Draw Them Up” Contest: Just Retired by Amar Agarwala

Brigadier Bidhan Chandra Deb, had retired from the Indian Army after forty years of distinguished service to the nation.  He was a veteran, who witnessed both wars the country had fought: with China in 1962 and then with Pakistan in 1971.

At sixty six, he was fitter than a man half his age. Aware of his short height, he was ramrod straight and walked as if he was marching in slow motion. Looking at him the unmistakable signs of pride and arrogance was evident to the discerning eye. He had a head of salt and pepper hair, his huge moustache was dyed jet black.  It gave his face a mocking appearance, which was more funny than serious.  I met him when I gone to receive him at the airport, as a part of the entourage which was to welcome him to the city.  He had been newly appointed the Chief Executive Officer of a proposed Multi-Speciality Hospital by our group of companies.  On being introduced to the entourage members, he shook hands with a firm grip and scant interest, a demeanour suggesting little interest in civilians or in civilian life.

The car he was travelling in was lost in the maze of evening traffic and our car reached the Head Office well before his.  Upon arrival, he jumped out and barked at us, “Don’t you know the rules of a convoy?” The senior accountant who was driving our vehicle stood transfixed at the words, which he found hard to follow, for the voice was high-pitched, dry and rasping. He was also a chain-smoker and often spoke with a cigarette between his lips which made his vocal onslaughts upon the civilians quite unintelligible.  Much later we realized that he had an uncertain temper and often spoke in sarcastic taunts.  He no longer wore a uniform but in his mind Brigadier B.C.Deb was yet serving the armed forces.

He was put in sole charge of the proposed super-speciality hospital, considering his immaculate curriculum.  His appointment was followed by three others: one a pretty young lady as his personal secretary.  A junior assistant, who was an MBA Graduate and a peon to run his errands.  Within a fortnight all had resigned from services.  According to  grapevine; he was difficult task master and his discipline was army like: no excuses and no nonsense.  Within the first three months, two of his next set of subordinates had also resigned.  The third could not be traced. His iron fist in boxing gloves did not make sense to his subordinates, who deserted his barracks with an alacrity that was both alarming and worrying for the management.

When the Manager-Personnel was summoned to his room, he was asked by the Brigadier, “Why does it take so long to replace three people? Don’t you maintain a database of suitable candidates? Let us get on with some real action on the personnel front.  I believe you deal with Personnel or is it just your personal matters?”

“But sir, suitable and efficient personnel are hard to find these days,” the head of personnel had murmured respectfully.

“If you can’t find them, then produce them!” barked the army man twirling his moustache with a mean dismissive look in his eyes.

The manager personnel had left the room flabbergasted wondering how to produce three men.  He was nearing retirement and widowed. His wife who had recently passed away, was childless.

Once he had admonished a young receptionist who was newly appointed, “Can’t you wear decent clothes? This is a model medical centre not a centre for modelling. Besides that you are as flat as a sheet of sun mica.  What do you have to flaunt?  So stop making a spectacle of yourself and this reputed organisation.” She left the office crying and never re-joined.  The peons shivered when called to his chamber.  He found flaws with most of them.  In six months, he had changed half-a-dozen drivers.  According to him, they had little driving sense and poor discipline, more suited to drive bullock carts. He could not tolerate indiscipline and no one knew what he meant by it.  He expected his drivers to be curt and open the door when he stepped out of the vehicle and close it when he sat down.  They always had to be ready with an ashtray so he could tap ash and stub out his cigarette or else he would tap it into the driver’s pocket or worse throw the butt at their faces.  Lighting his cigarette moment he put one to his lips was a must for all his drivers.  If they did not, he would bark at them, “Bloody Fool do you need to be told when you have to answer the call of nature… you just rush.” They would wonder, if his lighting up meant a call of nature.  Once he kicked the security guard at the gates for he had forgotten to salute him.  The security agency sought an explanation, to which he had replied, “We need proper men – not baboons in uniform who do not respect their superiors. The security agency was unobtrusively changed thereafter.

Most were fed up with the Brigadier and needless to say the hospital team was not functioning well under his leadership.  Few were bold enough to put in complaints to the top management. On being politely told about it, he had commented, “Foolish behaviour and indiscipline needs correction or it is better to eliminate it.” He was unaffected with the spate of resignations or the growing resentment against him, simply dismissing it as – ‘bad civilian rubbish’.

Finally, two unsavoury incidents did him in. Once he had locked up a supplier in his bathroom for supplying sub-standard materials.  Upon enquiry by the management, he replied brazenly, “I had my licensed revolver but did not want to waste a bullet on that rotten scoundrel.  He should be glad that I did not make him drink from the pot.” On the other occasion, a senior male nurse was assigned to carry the Brigadier’s briefcase to his vehicle, which accidentally slipped out of his hands and fell on to the staircase, prised open, and piles of documents and papers were strewed all over.  Among them was a copy of Playboy Magazine which embarrassed many.  The Brigadier was furious, and had thundered, “You bloody fool!….  You clumsy wimp!  You have been assigned to carry something important and not your wife buttocks that you can afford to let slip?”

The management’s effort to improve his untoward behaviour met with little success.  Various staff meetings broached the topic but the army man would brush it aside, “I abhor unnecessary and foolish talks.  Let us give meetings a break for they are the only reason why mankind has not been able to achieve its true potential.  Let us get on with some real action on the work front.”

Progress to the proposed Hospital was tardy and teamwork – tragic.  Work front resembled a forsaken war zone and the action was missing…everything seemed frozen.  Even the Brigadier’s thundering cannons refused to thaw the ice of inactivity.

Finally, the management hauled him up during one of the project meetings attended by a host of doctors and senior professionals.  A few harsh comments for the Brigadier by the Managing Director who was a maverick from IIT, shook his ego.  He walked out of the meeting but not before stating: “I may have retired from service but not from self-respect.  Gentlemen, my resignation will reach your table within the next twenty four hours, I wish you luck with the venture but am afraid that I can no longer be a part of this flop show.”

I had happened to usher him out of the board room, when he had commented, “Young man, you know a man without self respect and dignity is like a soldier who has a gun but no bullets in a battlefield.  He is simply useless. The best exit for a true soldier is to die on the last day of battle, by the last light and by the last bullet. Then he let out a laugh which sounded like a machine-gun fire and marched off in slow motion.  That was the first and last time I heard him laugh. I never saw him again.  Some months later I heard he had joined another hospital as its Chief Operating Officer. A year to that day, I happened to meet one of his old drivers and was told that the Brigadier was diagnosed with cancer of the lungs.  He fought back to health, soldier that he was and doggedly lived for a couple of years but finally succumbed to the disease.  They say – a cigarette has smoke at one end and a fool at the other.  No one dare said that Brigadier Bidhan Chandra Deb, was a fool.  Just that he was befooled by pieces of paper and tobacco.  What bullets could not do – they did! Retired him –  not just from service ……but life!

Also check out “I, Me, Myself” by Shamila Janakiraman

32 Indian authors coming out of copyright in 2013

Continuing our tradition from last year, we present the list of Indian authors whose work has entered public domain on 1st Jan, 2013. The criteria for entering public domain this year is for the author to have died in calendar year 1952.

The data has been collected from variety of sources including Wikipedia, books brought out by Sahitya Academy on history of Indian literature and other online sources. There are bound to be mistakes in this data. So please point out anything you notice. If you know of more Indian authors who died in 1952 and hence have entered public domain this year, do let us know and we will add it to the list with your reference.

Why should you as a writer or someone who loves books care? An author entering public domain means that most of his works are now free to be republished, translated, converted to different format and to be introduced to a new audience in any way you can imagine. It is possible to digitize them and conserve them forever. So dig into the list and find out some gems. And when you find one, let the whole world know.

Abdur Rahim (judge) (1867-1952)

A judge and politician in British India, and a leading member of the Muslim League.

Books

Accha Rai Rasik (1928-1952)

A noted writer of humorous prose from Darjeeling.

Books:

  • Saptakoshi (1955)
  • Rasik Rachnavali (1928)

220px-Balvantrai-ThakorBalwantrai Thakor (1869-1952)

Prof. Balwantrai Thakore is considered one of the greatest pioneers of the Pandit yug in Gujarati poetry. Some of his poetry is available online (in Gujarati script).

banikanta01Bani Kanta Kakoti (1894-1952)

A prominent literary figure, critic and scholar in Assamese language with his immense contribution to the language in terms of literature, linguistics, cultural anthropology and comparative religion. A profile of Banikanta Kakoti.

Books

  • Assamese: Its Formation and Development ( 1941)
  • Purani Axhomiya Xhahitya ( 1940)
  • Life and Teachings of Shankardeva
  • Vishnuite Myths and Legends ( 1952)
  • Kalita Jaatir Itibritta

Adavi BapirajuAdavi Bapi Raju (1895-1952)

A famous Telugu novelist, poet, playwright, painter and art director. A profile in the Hindu.

Books

  • Narayanarao (Novel)
  • Narudu
  • Gona Ganna Reddy (Novel)
  • Ansumathi

Some books are available here.

Beni Madhab Das (1866 – 1952)

An erudite Bengali scholar, a renowned teacher. He presided over the All-India Theistic Conference at Kakinada, now in Andhra Pradesh, in 1923. His presidential speech was later published in a booklet entitled Modern Theistic Movement in India. His collection of essays, Pilgrimage Through Prayers, was a critically acclaimed publication.

Brajendranath Banrejee

Bengali literary historiographer. His main contribution to Bengali literature is his biographies of Bengali writers who were involved in the social and literary movements of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Books available on Google Books.

Chelannat Achutha Menon (1894-1952)

A prolific Malayalam writer. He was the Head of the Malayalam Department in University of Madras. He wrote seven farces, two short story collections, a collection of poems, a novel and three collections of essays.

220px-Garimella_Satyanarayana1Garimella Satyanarayana (1893-1952)

A Poet and Freedom Fighter of Andhra Pradesh, India. He made Telugu song a powerful instrument of mass-movement. He also translated ‘Kural and Nalayiram from Tamil.

Books

  • Swaraajya geetamulu (1921)
  • Harijana paatalu (1923)
  • Khandakaavyalu, baalageetaalu (1926)
  • Telugu translation of the Economic Conquest of India by Bhogaraju Pattabhi Sitaramayya.

Ghulam Ahmad Mahjoor (1885-1952)Mahjoor2

A renowned poet of the J&K Kashmir Valley. He is especially noted for introducing a new style into Kashmiri poetry and for expanding Kashmiri poetry into previously unexplored thematic realms. In addition to his poems in Kashmiri, Mahjoor is also noted for his poetic compositions in Persian and Urdu. A profile and translation of many of his poems. English translations are not out of copyright.

220px-Syed_Ghulam_Bhik_NAIRANGGhulam Bhik Nairang (1876-1952)

Also known as Meer Nairang, was a distinguished lawyer, a poet and a prominent Indian Muslim leader. Migrated to Pakistan after partition.

mashruvalaKishorlal Mashruwala (Gujarati Wikipedia) (1890-1952)

An eminent Gandhian thinker who wrote in Gujarati. A biographer, essayist and translator.

Books:

  • Ram Ane Krsna (1923)
  • Isu Khrust (1925)
  • Buddha Ane Mahavir (1926)
  • Sahajanand Swami (1926)
  • Kelavanina Paya (1925)
  • Kelavnivivek (1949)

First_Chief_Minister_of_Bihar_yunusMohammad Yunus (1884-1952)

The first Prime Minister (Premier) of Bihar province in British India. After a heart attack on 29 December 1944 he started writing poetry during his illness, especially during his long stay in Mussoorie in 1945. Marsiya on the death of Birbal Lal Son of Justice Manohar Lal, Payam-e-Muhabbat on Hindu Muslim Unity and Kalam-e-Yunus which is his message to young generation are some of his famous poetical work.

kobi-mohitlalmajumderMohitlal Majumdar (1888-1952)

A renowned Bengali author, was born at Kanchrapara village in Nadia district, India. Mohitlal started as a poet, but later became better known as a literary critic. One of the first Bengali poets to pose a challenge to Tagore by criticizing his literary canons.  A profile and some poetry.

Books:

  • Svapan Pasari (1922)
  • Smara Garal (1936)

Paul_MPM. P. Paul (1904-1952)

A scholar and a well-known literary critic of Malayalam. He was among the torchbearers of the progressive literature movement (purogamanasaahitya prasthaanam) in Kerala.

chilkuriNarayana Rao Chilukuri (1890-1952)

Well-known lexicographer, historian and scholar. Published “aandhra Bhaashaa caritraM” (1937) and a revised version of Sankaranarayana’s English-Telugu Dictionary, etc.

Books listed on Google Books.

yogpParamahansa Yogananda (1893-1952)

Born Mukunda Lal Ghosh, an Indian yogi and guru who introduced many westerners to the teachings of meditation and Kriya Yoga through his book, Autobiography of a Yogi.

Rasheed JahanRashid Jahan (1905-1952)

An Urdu writer who inaugurated a new era of Urdu literature written by women. She wrote short-stories and plays and is perhaps best remembered for her involvement with the explosive Angarey (1931), a collection of groundbreaking and unconventional short stories written by young writers in Urdu like Sajjad Zaheer and Ahmed Ali.

surendranath_dasguptaSurendranath Dasgupta (1887-1952)

A scholar of Sanskrit and philosophy.

Amir Ahmad Alavi (1879-1952):

Urdu critic

  • Mathnaviyat (1936) – A discussion of Masnavis from 1857
  • Tadhkira-i-Rind – A biographical account of Rind

Charuchandra Datta

Principal of Visvabharati College. Retired from ICS. Books available on Google Books.

Jalandhar Deb

Kabiruddin ‘Kalim’ (1870-1952)
An Indian author, writer and social activist during the period of the Bhopal State.

Kartar Singh Kalaswalia (1882-1952)
Famous for his rendition of Sikh history in verse. Writer of many Kissas.

Kaveripatna Sidhanatha Venkataramani (1891-1952)
A novelist, short-story writer and essayist in English and Tamil.

Books:

  • Murugan The Tiller (1927)
  • Kundan The Patriot (1932)

Books available on Archive.org

K. Godavarma (1902-1952)
Linguist. Worked on Malayalam. Books listed on Google Books.

Maharaja Srischandra Nandy
Bengal Rivers and Our Economic Welfare

Mufti Kifayatullah Dehlavi (1875-1952)
A Muslim scholar of Islam.

Ramadhin Mishra
A well-known journalist, essayist and critic.

Shaikh Abdul Qadir Sarfaraz
An Urdu prose writer, biographer and educationist.

Sir Mahomed Khan Dehlavi

Vahengbam Yumjao Sinha
A Manipuri grammarian & author. Wrote Longi Vayel in 1949, a grammar of Manipuri.