Nanoscience is the study of structures and materials on the scale of nanometers. It involves
understanding the unique physical, chemical, and biological properties that materials exhibit at
the nanoscale, which can be significantly different from their properties at larger scales due to
quantum effects and high surface area-to-volume ratios.
Example: Gold nanoparticles appear red or purple rather than gold-colored due to changes in
optical properties at the nanoscale.