2010 – Page 3 – Booknomics

Copyright O’ Copyright! (Part I)

I consider myself fairly good with spotting patterns and categorizing things. But the number of angles from which people can get confused about the copyrights confounds me. In general, it is not possible to give a quick, short, satisfying answer to copyright related queries. Because this is after all a legal issue and “if”s and “but”s are endless before you can make any statement.

So, if you have a query about copyright, I request you to read this blog post (and others to come on this) first, even if it is slightly longish and even if it does not come to the point you have in mind immediately. Because most likely, your point has to come through several “if”s and “but”s!

Since we are touching on a legal topic – a big and important disclaimer. This article is not written by a qualified legal expert. This is just our understanding of the copyright issues and should not be taken as a legal advice. If copyright questions are really worrying you, you should consult an Intellectual Property lawyer. Also, all the circumstances, examples, cases used in the article are completely hypothetical – and work of imagination. They may or may not stand a proper legal scrutiny. They are mentioned just to illustrate the idea and are not supposed to be actual legal cases.

So now, on to the real stuff.

A big nuance of law in general

Before we start on the copyright relates issues, there is something about law in general that we need to understand. There are always two aspects of law. One aspect talks about what should happen. The other governs, how do you go about enforcing that law. For simplicity let’s call them the theoretical and practical aspects of the law.And “theoretical” and “practical” should not be taken in the sense that “theoretical” is just that – the theory and “practical” is the main thing. No! Its just a nomenclature and does not carry any such loaded meaning.

Theoretical aspect will talk about what should happen. If X has murdered Y under ABC circumstances, then X should be punished with a life imprisonment. That’s what the theoretical law says.
Practical aspect is concerned with ascertaining what actually happened and which part of theoretical law is applicable. Did Y get murdered or did Y commit suicide? If it was indeed a murder, was it X who did it. If so, was X provoked in any way or did X do it for self defense and so on… How will these things be ascertained? Based on evidences. So, the law will say that a postmortem report from a government hospital can be an evidence to ascertain what was the cause of death and whether it is more likely to be a murder or a suicide. The law can say that the weapon of death being found in X’s house is not an evidence enough for claiming that X is the murderer and so on.

So, given the practical aspects of the law, whether or not the theoretical aspect gets observed in the end can never be predicted in advance. If in reality X was murdered under ABC circumstances, then he should have gotten life imprisonment. But with all the evidences and other nittigritties related to ascertaining the situation, it is a possibility that X gets away free because the circumstances could not be ascertained definitely. There is also a chance that X was not really guilty, but evidences got framed up in a way that he was punished.

Depressing as it may sound, it is a reality. The law is after all a human system and can not be fool-proof. (However, to practically compensate for that, most modern laws – specially criminal laws – follow the principle of letting the accused go if there is even the slightest doubt about the crime. Let go of a thousand guilty people to save even one innocent person).

The outcome of civil and business related legal conflicts are usually less fatal to individuals (we are normally not talking about murders and violence here). But the theoretical and practical aspects of the law are still there. So, the theoretical law may say that if company X has violated the patent of company Y, then they should compensate for the losses incurred and immediately pull their product out from the market. But the practical law has to go through the exercise of ascertaining a bunch of things here. Did Y have that patent? Has the patent really been violated? If so, how do we calculate the losses incurred (different parties would definitely have different calculations!)? What would pulling the product out mean? Can company X provide support to their existing customers and charge for it? Or would the customer also have to suffer? And so on…

Apart from unpredictability caused by the practical aspect of the law, there might be issues in the theoretical aspect of the law too. There may be laws that contradict with each other (legal systems are vast, complicated human systems, after all). Law may be vague about certain definitions. Certain concepts may just elude strict definitions and law has to depend on its interpreter to take a call on those. So, unpredictability reins all through!

The same nuance for copyright law

Similar situation exists for the copyright law as well. Law says certain things about what is copyright, in what circumstances is it violated, what is the punishment for violating the copyright and so on.

But if there is a practical conflict, the outcome can not predicted because the process of ascertaining the claims is not predictable. Just like in the murder case example taken earlier, someone might actually have violated the copyright and may still get away with it because the court could not ascertain whether or not the copyright belonged to the other person in the first place!

We should look at the remaining discussion, keeping the above in mind.

But let’s not be overly pessimistic. While the outcome is not quite predictable in case of an actual conflict, it does not mean that totally arbitrary things can happen to us. If we understand the important aspects of the law correctly, and follow some good practices, we should be fairly safe on copyright grounds.

The theoretical part of the copyright law

Copyright in actually a bundle of rights given to the creator of creative work – normally the works of literature, art, drama, music etc. The bundle of rights include things like right of reproduction, right of adaptation, right of translation etc. Given Pothi.com’s business, we will restrict our discussions to the copyright of literary works (computer code is also treated as literary work for the purpose of copyright, but we’d not include that in our discussions).
The copyright law grants certain protection to the owner of copyright. Typically for literary work, it means that all the rights from the bundle can not be exercised by anyone other than the copyright owner, unless there is an explicit permission or a right transfer has happened.
There is a provision for registering the copyright. However, it is not necessary to register the copyright to claim protection under it. Copyright and protection under copyright law comes into existence as soon as the work is penned down. Registration is optional. Registration serves as prima facie evidence, if there is a dispute in court. This means that it can be basis to file the case, but it does not mean conclusively that the case will be decided in favour of the person having registration. The other party can present other proofs, which can put the case in their favour.
In Indian copyright law, the copyright protection for literary work is available for up to 60-year period counted from the year following the death of the author. If the publication is done anonymously or with a pseudonym, the protection is available for 60 years from the date of publication.
Copyright mostly works like any other property you own. You can assign a copyright to someone else in a lifetime, you can assign it to someone starting from a future date (like after your death). If there is no explicit assignment, then like any other property, the copyright passes on to your legal heir after your death.
You can assign individual rights from the bundle of rights copyright law protects to other people/organizations while keeping the remaining with you. So for an English work of yours, you can give Spanish translation rights to one company, Hindi translation rights to a relative of yours and movie adaptation rights to a bollywood producer. The remaining rights will still remain with you. None of these assignments will entitle them to print and sell the copies of your original work.

Practical Parts to remember

Recall the theoretical and practical aspects of the law and apply it here. The law grants the protection, but that does not mean that someone who wants to, will not be able to violate your copyright. They may violate it and you have to keep track of them and take the legal recourse, if they don’t agree to stop the violation. Once the case starts, you will have to go through the process of proving that the copyright was yours and it was violated. You will have to produce evidence to this effect and so on. The outcome is not completely predictable.
The law does not say that any government body will actively monitor copyright violation irrespective of whether or not you have registered the copyright. That is something you will have to do on your own. There is no copyright police anywhere to actively monitor and stop illegal copyright violations!

In the next blog post on copyrights, we’d get into some of the practical things a self publishing author should look for while dealing with copyright issues.

Changes pushed to Pothi.com’s publishing platform

Continuing with our aim of moving towards a Do it Yourself platform, we have pushed some more changes to our system. There won’t be too many visible changes in user experience. But you will find that the Book Submission form appears slightly different.

While submitting the form you only need to mention the production options (size, paper type etc.) and some basic information about the book which can’t be changed later (book language and category). After the submission, the book files (interior and cover) are checked for technical suitability. This checking has now been semi-automated. The only impact this will have on book submission experience is that our turn around time will be faster. Once the files pass the technical review, you will receive a mail with instructions to enter book details like “About the Book”, “About the author” etc.

While entering the book details, you can also choose whether to publish your book for public listing or keep it private for only your use. This setting can be changed any time. So, you can keep the book private initially, order a copy for ensuring that it has turned out all right in print and then go back and make it public. This is something that many of our authors wanted to do, but the process was tedious since they had to ask us to make the book public or private. So with the ability to do it on their own anytime, more power to our authors!

Keep writing and keep watching this blog for further updates.

My Talk at SIBM

There has been a lull on this blog recently. We were a bit overwhelmed with pending and new work after Delhi World Book Fair. But we are back in control now. And this blog will see better activity from now on.

Recently we were invited for an event called “Tete-a-Tete” at Symbiosis Institute of Business Management (SIBM) Bangalore, where entrepreneurs were supposed to share their story. Since it was an MBA institute, we decided to share my story. I am reproducing here an approximate transcript of the talk. Being a talk, it is written to be spoken and hence is not very reading-friendly. So, some patience may be required and grammar would definitely have gone haywire! But still…

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A very good afternoon everyone.

Rahul (previous speaker) has already cracked the joke about everyone being sleepy in the afternoon after a good lunch. I think he has woken some of you up and made my taks easier.

So, let me start by saying thanks on my as well as Abhaya’s behalf to the organizers for giving us the opportunity to be here. It always feels great to be back in a campus. Somehow, we can never grow out of our nostalgic feelings about student life – it seems.

Anyway. So, when I asked Bikash, who had called me up and asked me to come here, about the idea behind the session, he gave me a funky phrase – “From MNC to MNC” – From multinational company to “Meri nayi company”. Very catchy I must say. So, I will share with you all, my entreprenurial journey into this second MNC.

I will focus my talk on the experiences that led me in to entrepreneurship, rather than the part about running the company itself. I hope that it is of some value to the students here, who have to make some important decisions about their careers as they graduate from the institute. If you have questions about the entrepreneurial experiences themselves, I’d happy to share them afterwards during interaction with the audience.

As a background, just a little bit about our company. Pothi.com is a print on demand backed publishing platform. Individuals and organizations can use it to publish their books in print at little or no upfront investment. Our aim is to make publishing accessible to all. We intend to achieve this by breaking the informational, operational and financial barriers involved in publishing. What these are and how we address them is something I will skip here. But if anyone has queries, we’d be happy to address them later.

About ourselves, the founders of the company – starting from the conventional Undergraduate education, both me and Abhaya did our B. Tech. from IIT Kanpur in Computer Science. Abhaya then worked for Media Lab Asia and a start-up before going to the US for higher studies in Language Technologies. He came back after his MS to work full time on Pothi.com.

I did what, probably more people in a B-School will identify with. I went to IIM Lucknow immediately after my B. Tech. to do my MBA. 20 months after that, I opted out of placements, worked in a start-up in Bangalore as product manager, then moved to Google India – again in a product management role. After working for over a year at Google I left to work full time on Pothi.com.

So – why this switch from MNC to MNC? For that we have to go back a little more. I grew up in a typical Indian middle class situation, where your career choice gets dictated by a well defined decision tree. If you are serious about your career, then you choose to focus on Sciences. If you are good at Biology, you try to go for medicine. If you are good at Maths, then you try to go for engineering. If you are good at both and are disciplined enough to manage it in your +2, then you try your hands at both medicine and engineering and hope for the best. If you are a girl, then you give preference to studying Biology and go for medicine, except when you absolutely can not stand Biology as was the case with me. In which case you try to go for engineering.

Then, after the result of your entrance exams are out, your future again gets decided by a decision tree. If you are in top 200 in JEE, you will get computer science somewhere or the other, next is electronics/electrical, mecahnical and so on. You know what you should aim for and what you would get.

In this entire situation, somebody else has already decided what you should try to get. Its actually quite convenient, but nowhere, does anyone ask what is it that you want to get. In fact, it is such an ignored question that untill I got into IIT, I had never asked this question to myself – what is it that I want to get and if I have any clue at all about that, have I spent even slightest of my time and energy in getting that.

Fortunately, at some point of time during my undergraduate years, I started asking that question and there was one obvious realization and another scary one. The obvious realization was that I had not done much in that direction till then.

The second and the scary realization was that it was not easy to live with that question, nor was it easy to answer it. Once you decide to not live by the decision tree and try to find your own calling, you are leaving behind the world of well structured ambitions and are stepping into a world of endless confusions.

One, it is not at all easy to find out what you want in life.

Then, even if you have figured out or decided to believe that “X” is what you want to get in life – the journey towards that “X” will not be easy. Your past of decision trees will hound you, the expectations of your society and family will bow you down and your own skills or will power will fail you.

Despite all the scary things, this is a path you can not go back from. Because despite all the scary things, it is just a more satisfying path than the decision tree.

Before I start to sound like a Guru talking about abstract things, let me get back to my actual experiences.

So, during my undergraduate years, I considered several thing I could do to find my calling. The options considered included, at different points of time of course, going for Civil Services – to bring a change in the society, shifting to basic sciences from Computer Science – I even did a summer project at IISc Bangalore in a Chemistry laboratory, took a lot of Physics courses and seriously considered and then gave up on the idea of switching to Physics dept., briefly also thought about becoming a writer, actively participated in the business club and business plan competitions in the campus, thought about an MBA, about entrepreneurship, about traveling around the world somehow and others that I have forgotten now.

Honestly, at the end of four years, I was still not sorted out. Only thing I knew was that I did not want to do programming, which was the only thing I was trained in. I was inclined towards entrepreneurship, but did not have an idea to start on. So, MBA seemed like the best choice at that point of time. After all, if I am going to do business – it would be good to do a Masters in Business administration, right? Plus because I had been active in things beyond academics, had been in students’ senate and a bunch of hobby clubs, even led a protest against the administration – people told me I had leadership skills and MBA was the way for me to go.

Had a call from IIML, took it up and thought that I was sorted out for another 20 months at least and hopefully, I would have some answers at the end of this period.

But that wasn’t going to happen. In Business School, there was again a rigid decision tree you were supposed to follow. Even a finger you lifted was guided was whether or not it gives you a CV point. Anything you participate in had only one motive – a CV point. Even the career choice had the hierarchy and classes defined. Engineers and batch toppers do finance or strategy consulting. Next on the list is Sales and Marketing. Then follows IT and others…. The exact hierarchy is probably different from campus to campus and from time to time. But you get the idea, right?

So – a lot of energy went into fighting off the “expected behaviour”, saying “no” to things, which I did not want to do even if it added an excellent CV point, doing things I wanted to do – like attending classes – even if it did nothing to make my CV look glamorous and saying no to a finance career – despite being an engineer and the batch topper.

But the bigger question was “what to do about the career”! I had done some marketing courses even at IIT Kanpur. I liked them – so I thought marketing was the way to go. That was until I did the summer internship at a major soft drinks brand. And I could not help wondering why on earth would I want people to drink more cola! Apart from the philosophical questions, the realities of the nature of work a bright, young MBA will do there did not appeal to me. 3 terms and a summer internship later at the Business School – I was clueless again! Consulting seemed like one option I was still interested in. In fact, for quite sometime I seriously believed that I was cut out for that. But like I did not choose other things, consulting did not choose me. I was very, very disappointed. Although, in retrospect that was one of the best things to have happened to my career. I did not realize it then, but I am grateful that the recruiters realized – that I wasn’t cut out for consulting.

In the latter days of my second year at the B-school, life was coming to 3/4th of a circle, if not full. I had started realizing that I actually liked technology. I did not want to do programming, but I would love to be in a technology company, doing something involving both technology and business.

While I was struggling amidst all this confusion, Abhaya was working at a technological start-up in Bangalore and he told me that the founders were looking at hiring a product manager. I spoke with them and it sounded like the thing I would like to take up. So, I opted out of placements and took up the role at the start-up. Although, it did not continue for too long because their technical team was still too busy with R&D and was in no mood to push out a product – so a product manager had little use there, but it helped me identify the right role for me, if I have to be in a job. I had at least found a suitable job role for myself – that of a product manager, although a job role can not define the calling of you life.

After leaving the start-up, a lot of luck, interviews and twists and turns later, Google happened. The product management role suited me, it was a dream company and life was good for me.

But then one fine day I started wondering again about what was I doing with my life. I felt the need to do something more meaningful. I wasn’t thinking about a career switch or entrepreneurship. Since I write poetry, I thought why not publish a book. I started researching and soon realized that publishing is not at all easy. Just the task finding a publisher and convincing them that your book is good can be a full time job. I did not want to publish to become a best-seller or get a lot of fame. It was just an act of self-satisfaction. And my friends and family and my blog followers should be able to buy a copy if they want. That was all I wanted. So, I started looking at self publishing options in India. There weren’t many at least with the print on demand model, where you do not have to print 500 copies and store them. That’s when the long pending entrepreneurship dream found the right idea. Abhaya was in the US at that time, was excited about the changes in publishing industry that were happening there – and when I hinted at my idea, he immediately liked it. And that’s when the shift from MNC to MNC at the idea level started. Many important decisions were to be taken before we could actually start full time. Abhaya had been in the US for only a year; he had gone for a Ph. D. He had to work out with his guide to return in a year with an MS. He got lucky that he had an understanding guide – he did not withdraw the funding! I had to leave my dream company. As I said earlier, past hounds you, expectations of family and society bow your down, but thankfully will power prevailed!

We started up and we are going on. We are working in a nascent industry in India, but we are the market leaders there. Business is paying for itself and we are looking at growing further.

So, in conclusion all I want to say is that for me the entrepreneurship has come as a part of my search for my calling in life, my search for finding happiness in what I do. Is this the ultimate calling? Is this the ultimate happiness? I do not know. If there is one dream you want to fulfill, there are other dreams waiting in pipeline too. If there is one thing you want to achieve, there are other things – higher or nobler or more satisfying – to achieve as well. Probably I will do something else later in my life. But what is important is that I am happy doing what I am doing today. And without trying to be patronizing, I hope that as you make your career decisions, you also take that in to account.

Thank you

Distribution of stalls across the halls in 19th World Book Fair at Delhi

Delhi World Book Fair is spread across several halls. Information may be difficult to find and hence the stalls you are looking for may be difficult to locate. Following may be useful to some of you

Hall 1 & 2: English Language Publishers
Hall 3, 4, & 5: English Language Distributors
Hall 6: Science & Technology Publishers & Distributors
Hall 7: Social Sciences Publishers & Distributors
Hall 12: Hindi & Other Indian Language Publishers
Hall 14: Children Books Publishers

Pragati Maidan has permanent boards with directions to various halls. So, once you know the hall numbers, reaching the place of your choice should be easy.

Delhi World Book Fair – Location

"Pothi.com

Delhi World Book Fair is spread across several halls in Pragati Maidan and finding the right hall can be a bit of challenge. Just a quick note that we are in hall number 1 – which has English Language Publishers. Our location is Stand No. 2S-12. But don’t try to look for that number. It would be difficult. Instead look for the space between stall nos. 39 and 40 and we are right there!

We are listed as Mudranik Technologies Pvt Ltd. in the stall list. So if you don’t see Pothi.com in the list, don’t panic! 🙂

Towards DIY – Modify Book’s Information and Price

As mentioned in one of the earlier posts, at Pothi.com we want to make the publishing platform at DIY as possible.

We have recently taken one such step towards DIY. It is now possible for the authors to edit some of the book’s information and author earning on their own at Pothi.com. In particular, if changes/corrections are to be done to the following, it can be done by authors on their own

Book Description
About the Author
Author Margin
Title
Author Name
Language

More details are available in this FAQ item.

Watch this space for more such stuff.

The much hyped ISBN

We often get queries which desperately ask whether we can assign ISBN to their books. Some others almost seem to say that its their dream to publish their book with an ISBN.

We have not quite been able to figure out what image of the ISBN an average self-publisher carries. Still, before we proceed on this topic further, let me clarify this about the ISBN. ISBN is a useful thing, but it is not something you need to dream about. It is just a number to help cataloging of the books worldwide. You don’t have to do something to ‘qualify’ for it. You just need to approach the right people with the details of your book and they will issue you an ISBN. Do not get psyched out by the information on the Internet, mostly put up by the parties with financial interest, which make ISBN seem like a prestigious award for your book. Its not!

The above is particularly true of India. In many other countries, you will need to pay to a reseller to get an ISBN for your book. In India, ISBN is handled by a government agency. In an effort to promote the adoption of ISBN, they issue it for free.

For more information on what the ISBN is, assignment of ISBN and how to get one for your self published book in India, read the following excerpt from our Self Publishing Guide.

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ISBN

ISBN stands for International Standard Book Number, a unique code that can be assigned to a book. This is a system developed and adopted by the International Organisation for Standardisation to uniquely identify each published book.

Assignment of ISBN

Each country has their designated ISBN agency which is responsible for allotment of ISBNs for the books published in their country. In some countries there are also resellers of ISBN apart from the agency. In India, the only agency authorised to issue an ISBN is Raja Rammohan Roy National Agency for ISBN, which comes under Ministry of Human Resource Department. As of now, there are no authorised resellers of ISBN in India.

Who should get the ISBN

ISBNs are issued to publishers, who can then assign them to the books published by them. No one other than the publisher should assign an ISBN to the book. For a self publisher in India, it means that they should not get an ISBN from anybody except directly through the agency issued in his/her name. That would be the correct way of getting the ISBN. The process of getting an ISBN assigned is simple and it is explained later in this article.

Importance of ISBN

ISBN helps in compilation of published book in directories and bibliographic records.
It helps everyone in the distribution chain track the movement of the books.
It helps in collection of sales data of books.

In India, however, the ISBN is yet to be adopted by the majority and many parts of the distribution process are not automated. So, the real advantage of ISBN is not that high. However, if you want to go through the traditional distribution channels for your book, it would be useful to get an ISBN. Most organised and online retailers need an ISBN assigned for a book to be sold through them.

ISBN for Self Publishers in India

As mentioned earlier, ISBNs are given to publishers to assign to the books they publish. Earlier ISBNs were allotted only in blocks. But the good news is individual ISBNs can now be allotted to individuals who are self publishing. And getting an ISBN in India is free.

You need to send an application to the Raja Rammohan Roy National Agency for ISBN with the details of your book, photocopy of the cover page, identity proof and a self-addressed envelope for return communication. A template for ISBN application form is available on Pothi.com.

Two Models of Self Publishing

For an author looking to self-publish today, the choices are endless and varied – print book vs e-book, one company vs another, print-on-demand vs bulk. The information available can often be confusing to somebody not well versed with publishing industry nuances. While we have doled out a lot of gyan about various steps of self publishing, I think it is time to take a step back and have a look at the bigger picture.

Let us say you have decided to enroll some help in your endeavour of self-publishing. In general all the companies you will come across fall in two basic categories:

Package Publishing
Pick and Choose Publishing

Package Publishing

As is obvious from the name, companies offering package publishing will typically have one or more pre-defined packages. These packages will include all the service required to convert your raw manuscript into the final book. The extent to which the author is involved in the process will depend on the exact package chosen and also on the author’s willingness and interest. These companies are supposed to work just like traditional publishers, except that author pays for everything. Typically there is no choice of opting only for certain steps from the packages and doing the others yourself.

Pick and Choose publishing

Pick and Choose publishing, on the other hand, means that the author can decide which of the services she wants to avail from the self publishing company and which are the tasks she would do herself. The author can, for example, decide that she wants to do editing herself or get it done by her friend, but will hire the self publishing company’s services for designing. She can combine the different services from different providers if she wants. Here the author has more control and choices, but she is also responsible for learning about various tasks and making the most suitable decision for each of them.

Both the models have their pros and cons and which particular model is fit for a particular author depends on the kind of book, author’s skills and knowledge of various publishing tasks, the time she can spare for her book, the amount of control she wants and her budget. Following may be useful if you are trying to make this decision for yourself.

	Package Publishing	Pick and Choose Publishing
Advantage	Relatively Hassle free. You can decide to not spend any time on making decisions about your book’s content, design etc. and leave it all up to the experts (provider). You can be sure that most of the things required will be taken care of	You have more control over the content and design of your book. Managing your budget is easier.
Disadvantage	Pricier than individually picking up the services. Not all the services from one company may turn out to be of same standard	You have to learn about various publishing tasks and take care that everything is covered You make your own decisions and take the final responsibility of the book.

Beware

There is one thing authors should be aware of before choosing any self publishing model. Do not get carried off by the marketing and distribution support promised by any of the providers. Many Package Publishing companies offer what looks like a very good marketing and distribution support. But delve deeper into the exact arrangements. Having “your book available to retailers for order” and having“retailers actually ordering your book” are two very different things. Most of the times the promised distribution support is nothing more than an entry into the various books related databases. So, your book is available to be ordered by retailers, if they decide to. It’s a big “if”. Point is, irrespective of what kind of self publishing you go for, and irrespective of what any company seems to offer, in the self publishing world, you are on your own as far as marketing and distribution is concerned.

Anyway, coming back to the business models, a self publishing company may offer one or both of these models. For example, Lulu.com offers both kinds of models while Author House only offers package publishing.

What about Pothi.com?

At Pothi.com we have focused on “Pick and Choose” model of self publishing. This model gives maximum freedom and choice to the authors. It also ties in nicely to the “Do It Yourself” (DIY) ethos that all of us at Pothi.com really cherish. The very essence of self in self-publishing is the control and flexibility that creators get on their creations. Packages also have their own advantages. They act as a representative set of publishing tasks that must be taken care of in order for successful publishing of a book. Authors without mush prior experience can use them as a starting point.

In the spirit of transparency and free choice, all the specifications of files to be submitted for publishing are available on the Pothi.com website. The authors can, therefore, decide not to spend even a single Rupee on the services offered and do it entirely on their own. Once they prepare the files according to the specifications, they can submit them and have it listed on Pothi.com’s online store for purchase.

There is an option of going for editing, designing and other services if they want to. There are no predefined packages. They can decide what they want to avail and what they would rather do on their own.

The Do it Yourself (DIY) way

Coming back to the DIY way, we feel that it is not enough to give the authors just one time choice. Since a lot of our users are doing it for the first time, the system should be quite tolerant and permissive of experimentation. Authors should be able to experiment around with their book, in terms of content, design, pricing, information etc. until they are satisfied.

Now this experimentation should be

Convenient for the authors
Cost effective – each experimentation should not cost the authors a fortune – preferably nothing at all where possible

We at Pothi.com believe that the way to achieve this is to offer the authors a technologically enabled “Do it Yourself” platform, where they can change and experiment with their books as much as they like. “Do it Yourself” also means that the company providing the platform does not have to put somebody on work from their side every time an author is trying to experiment. Hence, it is possible to keep the cost of experimentation very little or even zero. Yantra – our free cover designing tool and BookSmith – our blog2book tool are two such efforts from our side which make the cover designing and putting together of a simple book a very easy process and hence allow users to experiment and tinker around.

Also behind the scene, we have always tried to keep our publishing processes such that enabling DIY is possible. In the new year, we are now taking steps towards making our platform more and more open and DIY. Some of the things have already been enabled and others will come in time. We will write about them here as they come up. You can also sign up for our newsletter which apart from these updates, sends out information about coupon codes, featured books and more!

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Poetry was what started it all…

I have told this story in start-up events and to the journalists several times. Let me recount it here too – in its most authentic form. The beginning of Pothi.com.

I was few months in to my job at Google (April 2007). Initial excitement had subsided down. It was still a good place to work, but I had started wondering if this is what I want to do with my life. Like all of us wonder at some point of time or the other in our professional lives. And no, I was not thinking about Entrepreneurship. While I always wanted to be an entrepreneur, I’d do so only when an idea to live for struck.

What I was thinking about then was how to do something meaningful in life. Meaningful to me that is. And the idea struck – why not publish a book of my poetry? One was published long back by a publisher in Patna. This had come out when I was in class 11th and contained all the poems I had written before class 9th. I was a hostel dweller at that point of time and my maternal uncle was handling most of the stuff. I, personally, did not have any idea about how publishing works. So, when the idea of publishing struck, I decided to find out more. And what I found out was not encouraging. I had no intention of making a living out of my writing. I wrote just because I could and I wanted to publish it just for the people around me who enjoyed it and who may want the book. I did not care about becoming famous or a best-seller. The traditional publishing is not geared for such motivations. Nothing wrong with traditional publishing, it just wasn’t meant for people like me. I was not willing to give time and effort to find a publisher, because becoming a commercial success was not my motivation.

Then I started exploring the idea of self publishing, studied print on demand closely and realized that while it fitted my needs perfectly, no providers were readily available in India.

That was it! The idea to live for had struck. Abhaya was in the US at that time. He was following the developments in publishing and print on demand there and was excited about the possibility. We discussed it and soon decided that this could be the path to take. We started evaluating operational feasibility of the business. I also did a small experiment with my poetry book meanwhile. Bought a home printer which could print on both sides of paper. Searched for and found paper market, bought a few sheets of thicker paper that would be good for cover printing. Also bought A4 sized paper, got it cut into halves to get A5 size and printed the book on them. Found a binder in our street to do a hand binding with stapler and glue and offered these on my blog for sale. And I managed to sell more than 10 copies. The book is now available with much better production quality at Pothi.com.

There were tougher decisions to be taken. Abhaya had to decide between pursuing his Ph. D. which he was absolutely enjoying and working on Pothi.com. He chose latter, because the window of opportunity would not remain forever. He was fortunate enough to have a very cooperative guide, who did take his leaving midway otherwise and encouraged him to complete the requirements for MS before leaving. I had to take the decision of leaving Google. If there ever was a dream company for me, it was Google. But the decisions got taken over time. It was almost a year since the idea first struct to us finally delving into it full time. A lot of intermediate time went in planning and experimenting. But this was where the idea was first conceived.

A bunch of poems was what started it all. So, on this new year, we are giving 5% discount on all poetry books at Pothi.com. Use the coupon code POETRY52010 while ordering the books and avail the discount.

[Self Publishing Guide] Self Publishing Your Book – Step 5: Marketing

This post is an excerpt from our Self Publishing Guide for Indian Market. If you have not, you may want to read the following post in this series before starting on this one

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Although marketing comes as the fifth step in publishing, fact is, the buzz should start even before writing. Marketing a book is all about building the author’s brand. It takes time and you have to work towards it. If you recall the hype surrounding release of a Dan Brown or a JK Rowling book, you will understand the concept. The books sell on the author’s reputation, which is created by a team of professionals representing a publishing house.

This obviously is a limitation for an independent author who has chosen to self publish. But the good news is, with the Internet, everyone has a free and effective marketing tool to reach their audience. This works especially well when going for POD. You can get your readers, book orders and then have the book printed. It is important for the author to build a brand before trying to sell the book. Just coming online with a book to sell won’t be effective.

There are many social and professional networking Internet sites where you can promote your work. Among them Orkut, Facebook and Twitter have the largest following. Build your profile on these sites to market your book economically and effectively. But build up your credentials before making your sales pitch.
If you have written a book about your professional expertise, market it on professional sites like Linkedin where you can join groups with shared interests. Also explore book centred websites like Shelfari and Librarything which provide excellent opportunities for marketing.
Adding your book to Google book search displays it in relevant search results.
You can also create a website about your book. Request a friend or some prominent personality to write a review of your book and post it on your site as well as their networking sites. You could even write about your own experiences while writing the book.
Put up extracts from your book on your website for others to read. This will catch the reader’s interest and help sell your book. Don’t worry too much about piracy. Nobody is interested in a great but unknown manuscript. Book pirates only target bestsellers.

Apart from the Internet, you could also arrange for a press release in the local newspapers. If you know someone in the print media, you could have reviews of your book published in newspapers/magazines. Remember:

It is easier to market a non-fiction book in your area of expertise rather than fiction or poetry.
Think about your Unique Selling Proposition (USP). The market is flooded with books and other content mediums. Why should someone buy your book?